ACC ~ Romans 9 v8

CHILDREN OF THE PROMISE. CHRYSOSTOM: Paul does not call them the children of Abraham, but rather “the children of God,” thus combining the past with the present and showing that even Isaac was not merely Abraham’s son. What Paul means is something like this: Whoever has been born in the way that Isaac was born is a son of God and of the seed of Abraham. … For Isaac was born not according to the law of nature nor according to the power of the flesh but according to the power of the promise. HOMILIES ON ROMANS 16.

CHILDREN OF THE FLESH. PELAGIUS: Ishmael was born of a maidservant by sexual intercourse, but Isaac was begotten by supernatural means from old people, by God’s promise. So the promise, which Abraham’s faith merited, now makes Christians sons of Abraham, so that Abraham is indeed the father of many nations. PELAGIUS’S COMMENTARY ON ROMANS.

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