ACC ~ Revelation 9 v13b

THE ANGELS OFFER SPIRITUAL SACRIFICES TO GOD. OECUMENIUS: By the “horns of the altar” he refers to those preeminent among the angels and who are superior to all the others. He says that the altar is “golden,” for in mentioning that element that is of great value among us, he describes the altar as precious and holy and wondrous. And since we understand “the horns of the altar” to refer to the leaders of the angels, it follows that we interpret the altar itself to refer to all the ministering spirits on account of the spiritual sacrifice they bring to God. COMMENTARY ON THE APOCALYPSE 9.13-19.

THE CHURCH SEPARATES FROM ALL APOSTASY. CAESARIUS OF ARLES: In the altar that is in the sight of God we are to understand the church. In the time of the last persecution she will despise the words and commands of that most inhumane of kings and will separate from those who have submitted to him. EXPOSITION ON THE APOCALYPSE 9.13, HOMILY 7.

THE GOSPELS ARE PREEMINENT IN THE CHURCH. BEDE: Certainly the horns of the golden altar are the Gospels, which are preeeminent in the church. EXPLANATION OF THE APOCALYPSE 9.13.

Rev