ISB ~ Luke 23 v33

The Skull:A translation of the Aramaic “Golgotha” (Mk 15:22).

crucified:The Romans reserved crucifixion for insurrectionists and other base criminals. Nailed to wooden beams, the victims died excruciating deaths through gradual blood loss and asphyxiation. Ironically, what appeared to be Jesus’ utter defeat became the sign of his victory and the instrument of salvation for the world (1 Cor 2:2; 1 Pet 2:24). See note on Mk 15:24.