ISB ~ Jude 1 v12 - 13

Epithets aimed at false teachers. Like shepherds looking after themselves, they leave the Lord’s sheep hungry and unprotected. Like waterless clouds, they promise refreshment but leave their victims parched. Like fruitless trees, they are barren and lack every sign of life. Like wild waves that cough up debris on the beach, they pollute their listeners with falsehoods and filthy behavior. Like wandering stars, they lead others astray in the darkness.

• Several images in these verses are drawn from the OT (Prov 25:14; Is 57:20; Ezek 34:2).