ISB ~ Ephesians 1 v1

Paul:Named as the sender of the letter. For a discussion of Pauline authorship, see introduction: Author and notes on Eph 3:8 and 6:20.

apostle of Christ:Paul was formally commissioned by Jesus to carry the gospel to “the Gentiles” and “the sons of Israel” (Acts 9:15; cf. Rom 11:13-14).

the saints:i.e., those who are baptized and set apart to serve God (1 Cor 6:11). The majority of surviving manuscripts include the words “in Ephesus” in this verse, but they are lacking in some of the most ancient copies of the letter we possess (see textual note a). For the implications of this, see introduction: Destination.