ACC ~ Colossians 4 v2 - 18

OVERVIEW:

These concluding admonitions must be placed in the context of Paul’s imprisonment, since he does not seek to be freed from this but to exercise his discipleship within it. He urges the Colossians to watchfulness in prayer, to pray for him and his ministry, to be wise in evangelism and to receive his messengers, always remembering the glory of his suffering for them (CHRYSOSTOM). Paul calls us to watchfulness, charity and pure hearts, humbly seeking their support in prayer even as he prays for them (AUGUSTINE). Prayer is the strongest weapon available to a Christian in the battle for righteousness (CAESARIUS OF ARLES), even as it is the principal means of spiritual support for all spiritual leaders (PACHOMIUS). In practical discipleship we are to be shrewd and sensitive as to when and how we proclaim the word (CHRYSOSTOM, AMBROSIASTER), always observing that fundamental humility that is key to effective proclamation (SAYINGS OF THE FATHERS). In the final urging of the Colossians to receive his messengers and to remember his chains, Paul again encourages them by his love and spiritual beauty (CHRYSOSTOM).

4:2 | Steadfast in Prayer

WATCHFULNESS THE KEY. CHRYSOSTOM: Paul realizes that continuing in prayer can frequently produce restlessness. Therefore he writes, “watching,” that is, be sober, avoid wandering. For the devil knows, yes he knows, how great a good prayer is. Hence, he presses heavily on us as we pray. And Paul also knows how careless many are when they pray. Thus he says “continue” in prayer, as something that takes hard work, “watching therein with thanksgiving.” For let this, Paul says, be your work, to give thanks in your prayers both for the seen and the unseen, for his benefits to the willing and the unwilling, for the kingdom, for hell, for tribulation and for refreshment. This is how the saints normally pray, giving thanks for the benefits shared by all. HOMILIES ON COLOSSIANS 10.

THE WATCHFULNESS OF FAITH. AUGUSTINE: When the blessed apostle was reminding us of the importance of prayer, he also reminded us at the same time about being watchful: “Be persistent in prayer,” he said, “being watchful in it.” Impure love, brothers and sisters, compels those who are possessed by it to keep awake; the shameless person watches, in order to seduce; the evildoer, in order to harm; the drunkard, to drink; the bandit, to slay; the self-indulgent, to spend; the miser, to hoard; the thief, to steal; the robber, to smash and grab. How much more, therefore, ought love to remain awake in holy and harmless people, if iniquity can extort wakefulness from the criminal and the corrupt? SERMONS 223J.

VICTORY THROUGH PRAYER. CAESARIUS OF ARLES: This seems to indicate that the people of God did not fight with the hand or weapons so much as with the voice and tongue, that is, they poured forth prayer to God, and thus overcame their adversaries. Therefore, you, too, if you want to be victorious, listen to the apostle say, “Be assiduous in prayer, being wakeful.” This is the most glorious fight of the Christian, not to presume upon his own strength but always to implore the assistance of God. SERMONS 103.5.

4:3 | And Pray for Us Also

PAUL, HUMAN AND A SINNER. AUGUSTINE: Schisms arise when men say, we are righteous; when they say, we sanctify the unclean, we justify the wicked, we ask, we obtain. But what did John say? “If any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous.” You will say, But may not holy men ask on our behalf? May not bishops and rulers ask on behalf of the people? Look at the Scripture, and you will find rulers commending themselves to the people’s prayers. The apostle says to his people, “Praying also for us.” The apostle prays for the people and the people for the apostle. We pray for you, my brothers, but you should also pray for us. Let all the members pray for one another, and let the Head intercede for all. HOMILIES ON 1 JOHN 1.8.2.

PRAY FOR OUR SPIRITUAL LEADERS. ANONYMOUS: Again, he prayed for the clergy of the Catholic church, saying, “Although they are my fathers, it is nevertheless a duty for me to remember them and to pray for them, because the holy apostle invites us to do so, saying, Brothers, pray for us as well, so that God may open for us the door for the Word.” Such was the way he used to pray for all. THE BOHAIRIC LIFE OF PACHOMIUS 101.

4:5 | Conduct Yourselves Wisely Toward Outsiders

WISE AS SERPENTS. CHRYSOSTOM: “Redeeming,” he says, “the time”: that is, the present time is short. Now Paul said this because he did not want them to be crafty, nor hypocrites (for this is not a part of wisdom, but of senselessness). What then? In matters where outsiders are not harming you, don’t give them an opportunity. … If you are going to experience conflict with the outside world, Paul writes, let the conflict have its origin in your preaching—and not in any other source. HOMILIES ON COLOSSIANS 11.

AMBROSIASTER: Since we must live among unbelievers and mix with them in worldly business, Paul urges us to be wise about the possibility of creating a stir, lest we give these folk an opportunity for blaspheming God or engaging in persecution. Why then should you carry on business with anyone that you know to be a source of contention and trouble? Thus, Paul admonishes us to use religious speech opportunely both as to time and place. But if anyone is difficult, be silent. Different courses of action are suitable for dealing with powerful people, with people of middle or lower stations in life. One deals one way with gentle persons, another way with those who are filled with anger. This is what it means to redeem the time. COMMENTARY ON THE LETTER TO THE COLOSSIANS.

PELAGIUS: Paul enjoins the Colossians to make a good time from a bad time by means of their prudence. PELAGIUS’S COMMENTARY ON THE LETTER TO THE COLOSSIANS.

4:6 | Gracious Speech, Seasoned with Salt

REQUIREMENTS OF THE EFFECTIVE PREACHER. CHRYSOSTOM: Here, too, a man needs a loftiness of mind far beyond my own littleness of spirit, if he is to correct this disorderly and unprofitable delight that ordinary people enjoy. He must try to divert their attention to something more useful, so that church people will follow and defer to him. He should not be governed by their desires. It is impossible to acquire this power except by these two qualities: contempt of praise and the force of eloquence. If either is lacking, the one left is made useless by the divorce from the other. If a preacher despises praise yet does not produce the kind of teaching which is “with grace, seasoned with salt,” he is despised by the people, and his sublime words accomplish nothing. And if he is eloquent but is a slave to the sound of applause, again an equal damage threatens both him and the people, because through his passion for praise he aims to speak more for the pleasure than the profit of his hearers. ON THE PRIESTHOOD 5.2.

DEPENDENT UPON CHRIST. ANONYMOUS: An old man said to a brother: Do not measure your heart against your brother, saying that you are more serious or more continent or more understanding than he. But be obedient to the grace of God, in the spirit of poverty and in genuine love. The efforts of a man swollen with vanity are futile. It is written, “Let the one who thinks he stands be careful lest he fall.” Be in your spirit seasoned with salt—and so dependent upon Christ. SAYINGS OF THE FATHERS 15.55.

4:7 | Tychicus a Messenger

PAUL’S STRATEGY. CHRYSOSTOM: Admirable! How great is the wisdom of Paul! Observe, he does not put everything into his epistles, but only things necessary and urgent. In the first place, he doesn’t want his letters to be unnecessarily long. Second, his messenger will be more respected if he too has something personal to relate. Third, in this way Paul demonstrates his affection for Tychicus; if he did not feel this way, he would not have entrusted him with the news of his affairs. In addition, there are some things that are best not mentioned in writing. HOMILIES ON COLOSSIANS 11.

THEODORET OF CYR: Paul would have been reluctant to send Onesimus to the Colossians on his own, since he was an escaped slave and thus perhaps offensive to them; thus Tychicus was more suitable for teaching and instruction. INTERPRETATION OF THE LETTER TO THE COLOSSIANS.

AMBROSIASTER: However much Paul insists that he is present with them in spirit and sees them, he nonetheless still makes use of a messenger for reporting. COMMENTARY ON THE LETTER TO THE COLOSSIANS.

4:9 | Onesimus, Faithful and Beloved

THE LETTER TO THE COLOSSIANS LATE? CHRYSOSTOM: Holy, indeed, are all Paul’s letters. But those he writes behind bars are especially advantageous for the reader. Those include, for instance, the letters to the Ephesians and Philemon, that to Timothy, that to the Philippians and the one before us. For Colossians was written while Paul was imprisoned, since he writes in it: “for which I am also in bonds: that I may make it manifest as I ought to speak.” But this epistle appears to have been written after that to the Romans. For he wrote to the Romans before he had seen them, but this letter later, near upon the close of his preaching. And it is evident from this that in the epistle to Philemon he says, “Being such a one as Paul the aged,” and makes request for Onesimus. But in the Colossian letter Paul sends Onesimus himself, as he says, “With Onesimus the faithful and beloved brother.” HOMILIES ON COLOSSIANS 1.

4:12-13 | Epaphras Has Worked Hard

“STRIVING” IN PRAYER FOR YOU. CHRYSOSTOM: And he says, “always striving for you in prayers.” He did not write simply “praying,” but “striving,” trembling and fearing. “For I bear him witness,” Paul says, “that he has much zeal for you.” HOMILIES ON COLOSSIANS 12.

ANONYMOUS: Paul said to the brothers in the Lord: “Epaphras wrestles for your sakes in his prayer.” This is the prayer which our Lord gasped out forcefully when “he was in anguish in prayer, and his sweat was like drops of blood,” and he shed many tears. BOOK OF STEPS 18.3.

4:18 | Remember My Fetters

THE CHRISTIAN WAY. CHRYSOSTOM: Hear Paul’s chains, and you will understand that to be in affliction is no proof of being forsaken. Would you wear silken robes? Remember Paul’s chains, and these fine clothes will appear to you more worthless than the rags of a menstruating woman. Would you array yourself with gold trinkets? Listen in your mind to Paul’s chains, and trinkets will seem to you no better than a withered bulrush. … Would you daub yourself with pastes and pigments and similar things? Think of Paul’s tears: for three years, night and day, he continued to weep. … What fountain will you compare to these tears? HOMILIES ON COLOSSIANS 12.

THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS

ARGUMENT: After leaving the Christians of Thessalonica, Paul had sent Timothy back to them from Athens. He now writes to praise them for their firmness of faith, as well as to exhort them to look for the resurrection of the dead (THEODORET). Paul wrote this letter to the Thessalonians in order to praise them for their steadfastness in faith and to give them further instruction (THEODORE). Here Paul encourages the Thessalonian Christians, who have endured a great deal of persecution and who remain vulnerable to pagan Greek influences. Central to Paul’s encouragement is his teaching about the resurrection of the dead, since grief at the death of fellow believers is an especially heavy burden for the Thessalonians (SEVERIAN). They must not be too curious about the exact time of the Lord’s coming (THEODORET). Paul praises the Thessalonians as an example of faith but also presses them to push on toward perfection. He wishes them to have such a measure of the Spirit that in the hope of what is to come they might continue to suffer persecution for the name of Christ (AMBROSIASTER).

GREETINGS AND PRAISE 1 THESSALONIANS 1:1-10

OVERVIEW: Paul’s intention in this opening section is to come before the Thessalonians in all humility, eschewing all titles, magnifying the work of his associates and praising the Thessalonians for their great faith and their hard work during persecution (CHRYSOSTOM). The very nature of true faith is that it arouses believers to good work, for love produces steadfastness in laboring, and hope produces endurance with patience. Paul gives thanks for all of the progress that the Thessalonians have made, holding them up to the other churches and praying for their continued growth (AMBROSIASTER). Paul shows here that the believer who has perfect love, whose faith is whole, is able to bear all things patiently for the sake of the future hope (PELAGIUS).