ISB ~ 2 Corinthians 10 v1 - 13

Paul spends the final chapters of the letter aggressively defending his apostleship. While he earlier (chaps. 1-9) addressed the majority of the Corinthians who still support him, he turns now to confront the impenitent minority who have embraced the “false apostles” (11:13). Throughout this section, Paul unmasks the illegitimacy of these “superlative apostles” (11:5; 12:11) and even threatens to discipline members who refuse to separate from them (10:6; 13:2). This shift of focus between the earlier and latter parts of the letter accounts for the change in Paul’s tone, from conciliatory (chaps. 1-9) to confrontational (chaps. 10-13).