ISB ~ 1 Thessalonians 2 v16

fill up the measure:Paul imagines a cup that is full of iniquity and is about to brim over. Jesus used the same image against the Pharisees when he prophesied the destruction of Jerusalem within the first Christian generation (Mt 23:32).

wrath has come upon them:Perhaps in the form of divine abandonment of the people to sin (Rom 1:18, 24, 26, 28), which is an ominous prelude to the final manifestation of divine wrath in A.D. 70 with the downfall of Jerusalem, the destruction of the Temple, and the dispersion of unbelieving Israel (Lk 21:23). A nearly identical statement appears in Jewish tradition that describes the violent conquest of the city of Shechem (Testament of Levi 6, 11). For Paul, the wrath poured out on Jewish persecutors prefigures the “wrath to come” upon sinners at the final return of Jesus (1 Thess 1:10; 2 Thess 1:7-9).